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Herpes is a highly contagious STI that is recurring and incurable.
There are two types of herpes virus:
Type 1 usually occurs
around the mouth and appears as fever blisters and cold sores.
Type 2 usually occurs
in the genital area and appears as painful lesions. However, infection
with either of these viruses can occur anywhere on the body e.g. around
the mouth, genitals, and eyes - are the most vulnerable. It would be
interesting to note that Type 1 can lead to Type2.
Herpes is usually transmitted
through direct contact with an active lesion and/or infected secretions.
During the first outbreak, which is very painful and extremely contagious,
small bumps appear. In a few days, these small bumps become fluid-filled
blisters, which will eventually open up and heal. At this time, the herpes
virus will travel and remain dormant in nerve endings at the spinal cord
until the next occurrence.
Herpes can be transmitted
even without experiencing any symptoms. Usually a person with herpes will
experience symptoms, such as tingling or itching near the infected area.
Although there is no cure for herpes, it is treatable with an antiviral
drug, which will limit the duration of an outbreak.
Genital ulcer diseases, such as herpes, can
occur in genital areas that are covered or protected by condoms. They can
also occur in areas that are not covered or protected by a latex condom.
Latex condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can reduce the risk
of herpes, only when the infected areas are covered or protected by the
condom.
Genital HPV infection is an STI that is
caused by human papilloma virus. HPV includes a group of more than 70
viruses. Certain types of HPV are transmitted sexually and some of these
may cause warts on the genitals, such as the vulva, labia, anus, and/or
the tissues of the vagina and cervix. Although the amount of people
affected by the virus can be high less than 1% seem to develop visible
warts. Most people with genital HPV experience no symptoms. Therefore,
most infected people don't know they are infected and may unknowingly
infect a sexual partner.
Although most types of HPV are harmless,
some types may cause cervical lesions that, over time, develop into
cervical cancer in infected women. Annual Pap smears and careful medical
follow-up, with treatment if necessary, will help ensure that abnormal
cells in the cervix caused by HPV infection do not develop into cervical
cancer.
Genital HPV is spread through
skin-to-skin contact. Genital HPV
infections can occur in genital areas that are covered or protected by a
latex condom. They can also occur in areas that are not covered or
protected. Latex condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can reduce
the risk of genital HPV, only when the infected areas are covered or
protected by the condom.
Syphilis, a curable STI is caused by the
bacterium "Treponema pallidum." Syphilis, which is transmitted
through direct contact with a lesion on an infected partner can and will
progress through at least four stages if left untreated. The symptoms
determine the stage of the syphilis infection. The stages are primary,
secondary, latent, and late syphilis. The symptoms of primary syphilis can
take between 10 days to three months to appear.
The first symptom is
usually a painless ulcer, called a chancre, which occurs where the
infection takes place. It is very easy not to notice the first lesion,
especially if it is in the vagina or on the cervix. If left untreated, the
lesion usually disappears after a few weeks. This does not mean that the
syphilis has disappeared. In two to 12 weeks after the chancre is gone,
the symptoms of the secondary stage can appear. These symptoms can range
from a red, non-itching rash over the entire body (including the palms of
the hands and soles of the feet), fever, sore throat, joint aches,
headaches, fatigue, nausea, wart-like lesions in the genital area, and
weight loss. During both primary and secondary phases, the infected person
is highly infectious to partners. The symptoms of secondary syphilis are
so common that they can be mistaken for other medical conditions, for
example, flu or an allergic reaction. If the symptoms are overlooked and
left untreated, syphilis will progress to the next stage, which is called
latent syphilis.
Anyone with latent syphilis can live many
years without experiencing any more symptoms and the only way to detect
that he/she is infected with syphilis is through a blood test. Left
untreated, syphilis progresses to the most destructive and final stage,
late syphilis. The late stage involves serious damage to the internal
organs, including the heart, brain, bones, liver, skin, and kidneys, to
name a few.
Genital ulcer diseases, such as syphilis,
can occur in genital areas that are covered or protected by a latex
condom. It can also occur in areas that are not covered or protected.
Latex condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can reduce the risk
of syphilis only when the infected area is covered or protected by the
condom.
Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
are two of the most common STI's in women and men. They are transmitted
from person to person through vaginal, oral, and/or anal sex. Women and
men with Gonorrhea and/ or Chlamydia experience few or no symptoms. Some
common symptoms in women include a yellowish vaginal discharge, painful or
frequent urination, redness, swelling, or soreness in the genital area,
pain during sex, lower abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding. Some common
symptoms in men include discharge from the penis and pain and burning
during urination. Some people infected with Gonorrhea or Chlamydia may not
have any symptoms. Therefore, it is important to have an annual
examination if you are sexually active. Untreated, Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
can cause serious complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease and
infertility. Latex condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can
reduce the risk of transmission of Gonorrhoea and Chlamydia.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID) , is usually caused when Gonorrhea and/or chlamydia are left
untreated. PID is an infection that spreads upward into the pelvic area
and effects the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Unfortunately, PID
can occur without causing any noticeable symptoms. When symptoms do
appear, they may be mild or severe. A woman may experience pain in the
pelvic area, vaginal discharge, painful urination, or abnormal bleeding.
More severe cases may be accompanied by fever, chills, nausea, and
vomiting. Antibiotics are given to treat PID.
Hepatitis A (HAV) is a virus spread from
person to person by anal/oral contact, by putting something in the mouth
that has been contaminated with infected faeces, and faecal contamination
of food and water.
Infection with hepatitis A is confirmed
when the blood test for hepatitis A, called the IgM hepatitis A antibody
test, is positive.
Symptoms may include feelings of illness,
experiencing jaundice, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark
urine/light stools, and fever.
An infected person can transmit the virus
to others as early as two weeks before symptoms appear and one week after.
There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. An infection will clear up
in a few weeks to a month and the recovered individual is then immune and
will never get HAV infection again.
Some individuals (1 in 100) suffer from an
infection (fulminant) that may require a liver transplant. HAV Vaccines
are recommended to men who have sex with other men among other groups of
people at a higher risk. The HAV vaccine is highly effective in preventing
hepatitis A.
Hepatitis B (HBV) is a disease that causes
inflammation to the liver. Although 90-95% of adults recover within six
months and will not contract HBV again, blood tests will always show that
they have been infected with HBV and blood banks will not accept their
blood.
Many people with acute hepatitis B have no
symptoms at all, or they may be very mild and flu-like symptoms. About
25-35% of patients may notice dark urine, yellowing of the skin and eyes
(jaundice), or light coloured stools.
HBV is transmitted through contact with
body fluids containing HBV, such as blood, semen and vaginal fluids. It is
mostly passed on from person to person through sexual contact. HBV tests
will not show positive during the incubation period (1-12 weeks). There
are three standard HBV tests:
HbsAg - when the test is positive or
reactive you are positive and infectious.
Anti-HBc - when you test positive it means
you are currently infected or have been infected some time in the past)
Anti-HBs -when the test is positive it
means that you are immune to HBV either as a result of having had the
disease or from having been vaccinated.
People who have not cleared HBV from their
blood within 6 months are considered to be chronically infected.
Hepatitis C (HCV) causes inflammation of the
liver. People who are in high risk situations for Hep C include anyone who
has had a blood transfusion prior to 1992, those with tattoos, those with
multiple sexual partners, and IV drug users. Individuals with body
piercing and those who have snorted cocaine are also at risk.
The virus in found in the blood. It is not
clear whether it can be transmitted through saliva or breast milk.
All people with HCV are potentially
infectious.
There is NO VACCINE for HCV. It is also
interesting to note there are various strains of HCV and the virus
undergoes mutations. Also, there is no effective immune globulin
preparation. Most infected people do not have symptoms. The incubation
period varies but averages about 7-8 weeks. The virus in the blood can
cause liver damage. If symptoms are present, they may be very mild and
flu-like. Most people do not have jaundice, however it can sometimes occur
along with dark urine.
HCV may identified by anti-HCV testing in
approximately 60% of people as soon as 5-8 weeks after exposure. Few
people are able to clear the virus from their blood. Over 80% of cases
each year become chronic. Chronic infections refer to those cases that do
not clear up in within 6 months. Currently there are three forms of
treatment. Avoiding contact with blood of an infected person and
practising safer sex decreases the risk of contracting HCV.
Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome otherwise known as AIDS is
caused by a virus called HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) , that weakens
the body's immune system so that it loses the ability to fight off
infection and illnesses. Some medicines can lengthen the lives of people
with AIDS, but there is no cure. How can you get HIV? You can get HIV
through direct contact with blood, semen (cum), vaginal fluids, and breast
milk. You can get the virus by:
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Exchanging blood,
semen, and vaginal secretions through vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse
with someone who has HIV. During vaginal intercourse, the risk of
becoming infected is higher for women than men, because HIV is more
easily transmitted from man to woman.
*There is a school of thought that
believes that ladies earning in the region of a £100+ an hour shouldn't be
using the NHS to supply basic tools of their trade, which condoms
undoubtedly are. Rather than going to Boots to buy a small pack at a
time, you can but in bulk online. The site recommended by my health
advisor is
http://www.pasante.com/ but there are lots of others who all do all
the sizes in all the colours! And don't forget as a necessary
business expense, condoms are tax deductible.
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